Lower Leg/Calf Pain

Cardiovascular

• Deep vein thrombosis

• Claudication (peripheral arterial disease)

Musculoskeletal/Skin

Acute/Traumatic

• Acute trauma, e.g. laceration

• Compartment syndrome

• Achilles tendon rupture

• Gastrocnemius strain

Subacute/Insidious

• Muscular

  • Muscle cramp

    • Idiopathic (most common)

    • True cramp (e.g. heat-related)

    • Tetany: Thyroid disease, metabolic (e.g. hemodialysis)

    • Medication (e.g. antipsychotic)

  • Statin-induced myopathy

• Medial tibial stress syndrome (shin splints)

• Stress fracture

• Infectious

  • Osteomyelitis

  • Cellulitis

Neuroendocrine

• Peripheral neuropathy

  • Diabetes mellitus complication

  • B12/Folate deficiency

  • Hypothyroidism

• Restless leg syndrome